This latest edition of the proven and comprehensive treatment on the topic -- from the bestselling author of "Tapestry of Modern Astrophysics" -- has been updated and revised to reflect the newest research results. Suitable for AS0000 and AS0200 courses, as well as advanced astrophysics and astronomy lectures, this is an indispensable theoretical backup for studies on celestial body formation and astrophysics. Includes exercises with solutions.